CARDIAC PATHOLOGIES
HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOPATHY
Hypertrophic heart disease is a heart condition characterized by abnormal thickening of the heart muscle, particularly the muscle of the left ventricle, which can lead to a reduction in the size of the heart chambers. This cardiac hypertrophy can affect the heart's ability to pump blood efficiently.
The exact cause of hypertrophic heart disease is not always clear, but it is often attributed to genetic mutations that affect the proteins responsible for cardiac muscle contraction. These mutations can be genetically transmitted as part of an inherited disease, but they can also occur sporadically (sarcomeric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy).
The most frequent cause of non-genetic hypertrophic heart disease is post-hypertensive hypertrophic heart disease (linked to thickening of the heart to combat high downstream blood pressure), the causes and evolution of these 2 pathologies are very different.
Hypertrophic heart disease can also be linked to overload pathologies (cardiac amyloidosis, Fabry disease) or metabolic disorders.
IRM Cardiaque avec mesure de l'épaisseur du septum interventriculaire
Symptoms of hypertrophic heart disease can vary depending on the severity of the disease, but may include:
• Shortness of breath, especially during physical exertion.
• Chest pain, often during exercise.
• Heart palpitations, sensations of irregular or rapid heartbeat.
• Dizziness or fainting, often associated with intense physical activity.
In some cases, hypertrophic heart disease can lead to serious complications, such as life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias, strokes and, in the most severe cases, sudden death.
Treatment of hypertrophic heart disease is generally aimed at relieving symptoms, preventing complications and improving heart function. It may include medication to regulate heart rhythm, reduce blood pressure and prevent blood clots. In some cases, surgery such as septal myomectomy may be recommended to reduce thickening of the heart muscle and improve blood flow.
Normal heart
Hypertrophic heart
Echocardiography loops
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