Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle, known as the myocardium.

This inflammation can be caused by a viral, bacterial, fungal or parasitic infection, although in many cases the exact cause is not identified.

 

Symptoms of myocarditis can vary considerably depending on the severity of the inflammation and the underlying cause, but may include:

• Chest pain

• Shortness of breath

• Heart palpitations

• Fatigue

• Fever

 

In the most severe cases, myocarditis can lead to life-threatening complications, such as cardiac arrhythmias or heart failure.

 

Diagnosis of myocarditis is based on several tests, including an electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiography, cardiac MRI, blood tests for markers of cardiac inflammation and sometimes a heart biopsy.

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Treatment of myocarditis depends on the underlying cause and the severity of the inflammation. In mild cases, rest and medical supervision may be sufficient, while in more severe cases, drug treatment, including anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive drugs, may be required to reduce inflammation and prevent complications. In some cases, hospitalization and cardiac support, such as medication to stabilize heart rhythm or ventricular assistance, may be required.