CARDIAC PATHOLOGIES
AORTIC STENOSIS
Aortic stenosis is a medical condition characterized by an abnormal narrowing of the aortic valve, which is located between the left ventricle of the heart and the aorta, the main artery in the body. This valvular heart disease causes a partial obstruction of blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta and the rest of the body. Here is an overview of the causes, symptoms and treatments associated with aortic stenosis:
Causes:
• Calcium deposits: Aortic stricture is often caused by the buildup of calcium deposits on the aortic valve leaflets, which stiffens them and reduces their ability to open and close properly.
• Congenital malformations: In some cases, aortic stenosis may be present from birth due to congenital malformations of the aortic valve (e.g. bicuspid aortic).
• Advanced age: Natural aging can also contribute to aortic narrowing, as heart valves can wear out over time.
Symptoms:
• ​Symptoms of aortic stenosis can vary depending on the severity of the obstruction and may include:
• Shortness of breath on exertion
• Fatigue
• Chest pain
• Dizziness or fainting (fainting)
• Irregular heartbeat (arrhythmias)
• Palpitations
​Diagnosis:
The diagnosis of aortic stenosis can be made using several tests, including:
• Echocardiography: This is often the test of choice for assessing the structure and function of the aortic valve.
• Electrocardiogram (ECG): It can help identify abnormalities in the heart rhythm.
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT): These imaging techniques can provide detailed information about the aortic valve and surrounding heart structures.
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Treatment:
• Treatment for aortic stenosis depends on its severity and the symptoms it causes. Treatment options may include:
• Regular medical monitoring: for mild or asymptomatic cases.
• Aortic Valve Replacement Surgery: For tight and symptomatic narrowings, surgery to replace the aortic valve may be necessary.
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TAVI (Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation), which consists of repairing a patient's aortic valve via the arterial route, is an alternative to replacing the aortic valve with conventional surgery that avoids, among other things, the opening of the chest and the establishment of extracorporeal circulation (ECC).
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In summary, aortic stenosis requires proper evaluation and monitoring by physicians
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